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    这个星期六就是我的托福考试了，想想非常紧张。以下是我通过错题总结出的一些要点： 听力 答题按照顺序，不会串层次，第二题的答案，如果你有看到选项内容是在很后边，那个一定不是答案。 先理解听力内容再记下来，如果来不及记就先理解（不然记了之后不知道是用来干什么的）。 现象——表现——原因，经过，发展。 一个原因，两个原因——并列关系 有连接词：并列关系？转折关系？因果关系？ Now 进入主题 Also, another, besides, first, 时间的词等表示列举 长时间的停顿 证明会有另外的信息 提问表示进行疑问解答，师生互动 Let’s/ let me 表示教授要进行解释说明 New term 出现新的术语，紧接着会出来对这新信息的解释说明，进一步地阐述 In xxx, what did the professor suggest? 要在开头讲前因经过结果——老师是看不到题目的。 独立作文 深远的影响，以后的作用：运动给人们带来的抗压能力，长寿。（far-reaching effects)； 不要说B好，要说B大多数情况下都很好：probably, likely, can rarely, to a large extent 要让步：Maybe some artists can gain money by selling or exhibiting their artworks, but arts can rarely generate vast economic returns for the nation. etc.这样反驳时更有理有据 正面和反面的点要一一对应； 阅读部分可以抄原文的 综合作文 States, argue, saids Introduction: add some intro of the background information of the reading part, then describe the different opinions of the professor and the reading. —————— 考试技巧（考完后总结）—————— 阅读 因为是第一个考，文章的字体又非常密集，看的时候有点走神。 下次在看的时候一定要读出来，这样看的时候就不会漏掉东西。如果可以的话还要用手指...

So, we’ve been talking about the printing press, how it changed people’s lives, making books more accessible to everyone. More books meant more reading right? But, as you know not everyone has perfect vision. This increase in literacy in reading led to an increase of demand of eye glasses. And da, well here is something you probably haven’t thought of. This increase demand impacts the societal attitude towards eye glasses. But em, first let me back up a bit and talk about vision correction before the printing press. And, em, what do people with poor vision do? I mean, especially those few people who were actually literate. What do they do before glasses were invented? Well, em, they had different ways of dealing with not seeing well. If you think about it, poor vision wasn’t their only problem. I mean, eh, think about the condition they live in. Houses are dark, sometimes there weren’t any windows, candles were the only source of light. So in some places, like ancient Greece for exampl...

So would it surprise you to learn that many of the foods that we today consider traditional European dishes that their key ingredients were not even known in Europe until quite recently, until the Europeans started trading with the native peoples of north and south America? I mean, you are probably aware that the America provided Europe and Asia with foods like squash, beans, turkey, peanuts, but what about the Italian tomato sauces Hungarian goorush, or my favorite, french fries, those yummy fried potatoes. Student: wait, I mean I knew potatoes were from , where, south Americas? Professor: South Americas right, the Andies mountains. Student: But you are saying tomatoes too? I just assume since three in so many Italian dishes. Professor:  NO, like potatoes, tomatoes are grew wild in the Andies. Although unlike potatoes, they weren’t originally cultivated there. That seems to occur first in Central America. And ven then, the tomatoes doesn’t appear to live very important as a fruit ...

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Professor: When we think of large monumental structures built by early societies, an Egyptian pyramid probably comes to mind. but there are some even earlier structures in the British shales also worth discussion. And besides the well known circle of massive stones of stone henge, which don’t get me wrong is remarkable enough, well, other impressive neolithic structures are found there too. Oh yes, we are talking about the neolithic period here, also called the new stone age, which was the time before stone tools began to be replaced by tools made of bronze and other metals. It was about 5000 years ago, even before the first Egyptian pyramid, that some amazing neolithic monuments, tombs, were recked at vary size around Ireland, great Britain and costal islands nearby. I am referring in particular structures that in some cases look like ordinary natural hills, but were definitely built by human, well organized communities of humans, to enclose a chamber, or room within stone walls. And ...

Recorder is an musical instrument that is widely used. Its pitch depends on the volume of air that is vibrating. A larger volume vibrates more slowly. The sound produce has a longer wavelength and thus has a lower pitch. A smaller volume vibrates more quickly. It has a shorter wavelength and a higher pitch. In the experiment, when I covered holes that are closer to the mouthpiece, the volume of air that is vibrating in the recorder is very small as the air went out from the holes quickly, and the particles are vibrating quickly. When I covered holes that are further from the mouthpiece, the volume of air needed to keep vibrating all the way through the covered holes until the vibration was sent out of the recorder through the hole that was really far away. As the air inside the recorder vibrates for a longer time, the vibration reduces and the particles are vibrating slowly. This is how the high and low pitch in the recorder is made. The pitch of a recorder can be easily changed by the...

For introduction: - Hooks: humor, startling ideas, drama, suspenseful story, quotations - Presents the thesis clearly and precisely - Lead the audiences to the topic: why is the topic you are talking about important? For the body: - Organize a limited number of main ideas of around 3-5, because it is hard for the audience to remember all the main ideas. - Use transitions, the relationships between the main ideas that links them together For the conclusion: - Summarize all the main points in a logical way. Remind the audience of the main points. - Add something (a question, a quotation) at the end of the speech that gives the audience a “bang”, something to think about after the speech. This should be related to the topic of the speech. c.i. Introduction c.ii. Body c.iii. Conclusion What parts in an introduction? d.i. Hook d.ii. Thesis Body? e.i. Topic sentences e.ii. Supporting information Conclusion? f.i. Review f.ii. Summary Population Growth: Earlier in the year, Hawking said that: ...